[ Log In | Register]
! Skip Navigation Links
Skip Navigation Links
Image of Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics
ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Cleaner Production Implementation in a Cocoa Processing Plant in Ecuadorian Amazon

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 9(2) (2021) 173--188 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2021.06.006

Karel Di '{e}guez-Santana$^{1}$ , Yannay Casas-Led '{o}n$^{2}$, Liliana B '{a}rbara Sarduy-Pereira$^{3}$, Luis Ernesto Arteaga-P '{e}rez$^{4}$

$^1$ Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Estatal Amaz'{o}nica, Paso Lateral km 2 1/2 Via Tena, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador

$^2$ Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Science Faculty- EULA Center, University of Concepci'{o}n, Chile

$^3$ Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional Crist'{o}bal Col'{o}n, Parroquia Shell, Cant'{o}n Mera, Pastaza, Ecuador

$^4$ Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Wood Engineering Department, University of Bio-Bio. Concepcion. Chile

Download Full Text PDF

 

Abstract

The cocoa is one of the most important crops in Ecuador, intended for export and used for chocolate production in other countries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the implementation of cleaner production (CP) strategies in a cocoa processing plant of the ``Tsatsayaku" producers Association. An initial \textit{in situ} diagnosis on the plant environmental performance was made, and inputs and outputs of the cocoa paste elaboration process were quantified. The intensive consumption of utilities such as water, electricity, and the generation of different waste streams were the main problems detected in the diagnosis. From this analysis, seven CP alternatives were proposed to reduce the detected problems and generate additional incomes. According to the economic and environmental analyses, the proposed CP options could increase the benefit-to-cost ratio by 0.4. Furthermore, these CP practices could reduce water consumption, solid waste generation and CO$_{2}$ emissions by 20%, 58.6% and 37.5%, respectively. This study shows that CP strategies are viable options that can improve the environmental performance of small and medium-sized national companies.

References

  1. [1]  Amores, R. and Castillo, V. (2017), Las PYMES ecuatorianas: su impacto en el empleo como contribuci\{o}n del PIB PYMES al PIB total, Espacios, 38(53), 15.
  2. [2] Amuda, O.S., Amoo, I.A., and Ajayi, O.O. (2006), Performance optimization of coagulant/flocculant in the treatment of wastewater from a beverage industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 129(1), 69-72. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.078.
  3. [3] Arteaga-P\{e}rez, L.E., Segura, C., and Di\{e}guez Santana, K. (2016), Procesos de torrefacci\{o}n para valorizaci\{o}n de residuos lignocelul\{o}sicos. An\{a}lisis de posibles tecnolog\{\i}as de aplicaci\{o}n en Sudam\{e}rica, Afinidad, LXXIII(573), 60-68.
  4. [4] Augusto de Oliveira, J., Lopes Silva, D.A., Dev\{o}s Ganga, G. M., Filho, M.G., Ferreira, A.A., Esposto, K.F., and Ometto, A.R. (2019), Cleaner Production practices, motivators and performance in the Brazilian industrial companies, Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 359-369. DOI:{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.013}.
  5. [5] Caiza, D., Chimbo, A., Sarduy-Pereira, L.B., Pisco, W., and Di\{e}guez-Santana, K. (2018), Propuesta de producci\{o}n m\{a}s limpia en el proceso de elaboraci\{o}n de abonos org\{a}nicos con desechos del camal, realizado en el relleno sanitario del cant\{o}n Ba\~{n}os de Agua Santa, provincia de Tungurahua. Revista Observatorio de la Econom\{\i}a Latinoamericana, junio.
  6. [6] Calle C\{a}ceres, A., Chavarria Parraga, J., Aviles Zea, A., Carrera Maridue\~{n}a, M., Carrera Maridue\~{n}a, B., and Alvarado Aguayo, A. (2018). Uso del mucilago de cacao (Theobroma cacao L) trinitario en el control de la paja peluda (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), El misionero del agro, 19, 45-53.
  7. [7] C\{a}rdenas Giler, E.V., Maldonado Erazo, J.M., Valdez Silva, R. A., Sarduy-Pereira, L.B., and Di\{e}guez-Santana, K. (2019), La producci\{o}n m\{a}s limpia en el sector porcino. Una experiencia desde la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, Anales Cient\{\ificos}, 80(1), 76-91. DOI:10.21704/ac.v80i1.1288
  8. [8] Castro Fettermann, D., Oliveira SantAnna, \^{A}. M., Tortorella, G.L., Zandonai, G.A., and Soares Echeveste, M.E. (2017), Improvements in the processing of agricultural commodities: The case of cocoa liquor, Dyna, 84(201), 117-122.
  9. [9] CEER. (2016), Centro de Eficiencia de Recursos y Producci\{o}n M\{a}s Limpia en Ecuador, Retrieved from https://www.industrias.gob.ec/centro-de-eficiencia-de-recursos-y-produccion-mas-limpia/.
  10. [10] CEER. (2019), Gu\{\i}a de producci\{o}n m\{a}s limpia: Centro Ecuatoriano de Eficiencia de Recursos y Producci\{o}n M\{a}s limpia CEER.
  11. [11] Cesar da Silva, P., Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, G., Ferreira Correia, J.M., and Pujol Tucci, H.N. (2020), Evaluation of Economic, Environmental and Operational Performance of the adoption of Cleaner Production: Survey in Large Textile Industries, Journal of Cleaner Production, 123855. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123855.
  12. [12] Cesar da Silva, P., Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, G., Ferreira Correia, J.M., and Pujol Tucci, H.N. (2021), Evaluation of economic, environmental and operational performance of the adoption of cleaner production: Survey in large textile industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123855. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123855.
  13. [13] Cornejo, P.K., Santana, M.V.E., Hokanson, D.R., Mihelcic, J.R., and Zhang, Q. (2014), Carbon footprint of water reuse and desalination: a review of greenhouse gas emissions and estimation tools, Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 4(4), 238-252. DOI:10.2166/wrd.2014.058.
  14. [14] Di\{e}guez-Santana, K., Casas-Led\{o}n, Y., Loureiro Salabarria, J.A., P\{e}rez-Mart\{\i}nez, A., and Arteaga-P\{e}rez, L.E. (2020), A life cycle assessment of bread production: A Cuban case study, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 8(2), 125-137. DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2020.06.002.
  15. [15] Gracia Rojas, J.P., Acevedo Pabon, P.A., Cepeda, J.L., and L\{o}pez, L. (2018), Application of Cleaner Production for Environmental Management in Mezcauchos SAS, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 67, 427-432. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1867072.
  16. [16] Guallo Aguinda, N.G., Sarduy-Pereira, L.B., Orozco-Crespo, E., and Di\{e}guez-Santana, K. (2020), Las producciones m\{a}s limpias en el sector textil manufacturero, Un caso de estudio en Tena, Napo, Ecuador. Mikarimin. Revista Cient\{\i}fica Multidisciplinaria, 6, 201-218.
  17. [17] Guo, H.C., Chen, B., Yu, X.L., Huang, G.H., Liu, L., and Nie, X.H. (2006), Assessment of cleaner production options for alcohol industry of China: a study in the Shouguang Alcohol Factory, Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(1), 94-103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.07.006.
  18. [18] INEC. (2019), Directorio de empresas y establecimientos 2018. Retrieved from https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/ documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas{\_}Economicas/DirectorioEmpresas/Directorio{\_}Empresas{\_}2018/Principales{\_}Resultados {\_}DIEE{\_}2018.pdf.
  19. [19] IPCC. (2006), Stationary Combustion. In D. G\{o}mez, J. Watterson, B. Americanohia, C. Ha, G. Marland, E. Matsika, L.N. Namayanga, B. Osman-Elasha, J.K. Saka, and K. Treanton (Eds.), IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies.
  20. [20] Keller, J. and Hartley, K. (2003), Greenhouse gas production in wastewater treatment: process selection is the major factor, Water Science and Technology, 47(12), 43-48. DOI:10.2166/wst.2003.0626.
  21. [21] Kubota, F.I. and da Rosa, L.C. (2013), Identification and conception of cleaner production opportunities with the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 199-210. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.059.
  22. [22] Llerena, W.T., Ah-Hen, K., and Lemus-Mondaca, R. (2017), Caracterizaci\{o}n de una infusi\{o}n de cascarilla de cacao (Theobroma cacao L., var. Arriba) con hierbas arom\{a}ticas, Agro sur, 45(3), 47-55.
  23. [23] Luken, R.A. and Navratil, J. (2004), A programmatic review of UNIDO/UNEP national cleaner production centres, Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(3), 195-205. DOI:10.1016/S0959-6526(03)00102-1.
  24. [24] MAG. (2019). Sitema de informaci\{o}n p\{u}blica agropecuaria. Productos agropecuarios. Principales productos agr\{\i}colas. Cacao. Retrieved from {http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/index.php/comercio-exterior}/
  25. [25] Mendoza, J.M.F., Capitano, C., Peri, G., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., and Gabarrell, X. (2014), Environmental management of granite slab production from~an~industrial ecology standpoint, Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 619-628. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.056.
  26. [26] Murphy, J.D. and McKeogh, E. (2004), Technical, economic and environmental analysis of energy production from municipal solid waste, Renewable Energy, 29(7), 1043-1057. DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2003.12.002.
  27. [27] Narv\{a}ez, R.P. (2015), Factor de emisi\{o}n de CO$_{2}$ debido a la generaci\{o}n de electricidad en el Ecuador durante el periodo 2001-2014. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenier\{\i}as, 7(2), C80-C85.
  28. [28] Nunes, J.R.R., Silva, J.E.A.R.d., Moris, V.A.d.S., and Giannetti, B.F. (2019), Cleaner Production in small companies: Proposal of a management methodology, Journal of Cleaner Production, 218, 357-366. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.219.
  29. [29] Oficial, R. (2019). Reglamento del C\{o}digo Org\{a}nico del Ambiente, Decreto Ejecutivo No. 752. mi\{e}rcoles 12 de junio de 2019.
  30. [30] Okiyama, D.C.G., Navarro, S.L.B., and Rodrigues, C.E.C. (2017), Cocoa shell and its compounds: Applications in the food industry, Trends in Food Science {$\&$ Technology}, 63, 103-112. DOI:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.03.007.
  31. [31] Ozturk, E., Karaboyaci, M., Koseoglu, H., Yigit, N., Yetis, U., and Kitis, M. (2014), Water and Chemical Management Studies for Cleaner Production in a Textile Industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39(493-498). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1439083.
  32. [32] Ozturk, E., Koseoglu, H., Karaboyaci, M., Yigit, N.O., Yetis, U., and Kitis, M. (2016), Sustainable textile production: cleaner production assessment/eco-efficiency analysis study in a textile mill, Journal of Cleaner Production, 138, 248-263. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.071.
  33. [33] Pacheco, R.R.J., Almeida, C.M., Agostinho, F., Sevegnani, F., Giannetti, B.F., and Liu, G. (2019), Assessing Footwear Factories Under Emergy And Material Flow Accounting Tools After Implementing Cleaner Production Practices, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 7(4), 429-448. DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2019.12.006.
  34. [34] P\{e}rez Neira, D. (2016), Energy sustainability of Ecuadorian cacao export and its contribution to climate change. A case study through product life cycle assessment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2560-2568. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.003.
  35. [35] Rahim, R. and Raman, A.A. (2015), Cleaner production implementation in a fruit juice production plant, Journal of Cleaner Production, 101, 215-221. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.065.
  36. [36] Recanati, F., Marveggio, D., and Dotelli, G. (2018), From beans to bar: A life cycle assessment towards sustainable chocolate supply chain, Science of The Total Environment, 613-614, 1013-1023. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.187.
  37. [37] Schollenberger, H., Treitz, M., and Geldermann, J. (2008), Adapting the European approach of Best Available Techniques: case studies from Chile and China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(17), 1856-1864. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.02.007.
  38. [38] Soto-Cabrera, A.I., Panimboza-Ojeda, A.P., Ilibay-Granda, C.G., Valverde-Lara, C.R., and Di\{e}guez-Santana, K. (2020), Impacto ambiental de la operaci\{o}n del Centro de faenamiento de la ciudad de Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador, Prospectiva, 18(1). DOI:10.15665/rp.v18i1.2101.
  39. [39] Tayyab, M., Jemai, J., Lim, H., and Sarkar, B. (2020), A sustainable development framework for a cleaner multi-item multi-stage textile production system with a process improvement initiative, Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 119055. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119055.
  40. [40] UNEP. (2006). Applying Cleaner Production to Multilateral Environmental Agreements, Global Status Report. Retrieved from http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx0899xPA-ApplyingMEA.pdf,
  41. [41] UnitedNations. (2002), Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and Plan of Implementation. Retrieved from New York: {https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/478154}.
  42. [42] Wang, Y., Liu, J., Hansson, L., Zhang, K., and Wang, R. (2011), Implementing stricter environmental regulation to enhance eco-efficiency and sustainability: a case study of Shandong Provinces pulp and paper industry, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(4), 303-310. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.11.006.
  43. [43] Y\"{u}ksel, H. (2008), An empirical evaluation of cleaner production practices in Turkey, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(1, Supplement 1), S50-S57. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.10.003.
  44. [44] Zeng, S.X., Meng, X.H., Yin, H.T., Tam, C.M., and Sun, L. (2010), Impact of cleaner production on business performance, Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(10), 975-983. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.02.019.

Copyright © 2011-2023 L & H Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. Wildcard SSL Certificates