[ Log In | Register]
! Skip Navigation Links
Skip Navigation Links
Image of Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics
ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Environmental Legislation of Kazakhstan: Achievements, Problems and Trends

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 10(4) (2022) 361--374 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2022.12.003

Zhanna A. Khamzina$^1$, Yermek A. Buribayev$^1$, Kuralay Turlykhankyzy$^1$, Anarkhan R. Kuttygalieva$^2$, Zulfiya T. Kubeyeva$^2$

$^1$ Department of Law, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

$^2$ Department of Law, Kazakhstan University of Innovative and Telecommunication Systems, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

Download Full Text PDF

 

Abstract

This paper examines the state of Kazakhstan's environmental legislation after nearly 30 years of development as an independent state. The state of ecological systems is directly related to production and economic activities, as well as the state policy in the field of environmental protection. The main environmental problems of Kazakhstan are: the residence of a significant part of the population in the area of direct influence of harmful production factors, the most influential of which are emissions of pollutants into the air, uneven distribution of fresh water across regions, increase in the volume of production and consumption waste. The approximation of Kazakhstan's legislation to universal environmental protection standards is difficult, including in terms of the impact of sustainable development goals on the context of environmental legislation. The paper explores the areas in which environmental regulations need to be revised and implemented through adequate legal mechanisms. This document facilitates discussions on improving environmental legal norms in national legislation.

References

  1. [1]  Bechtel, M.M. and Scheve, K.F. (2013), Mass support for global climate agreements depends on institutional design, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(34), 13763-13768. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306374110.
  2. [2]  Bergeson, L.L. (2003), Legal lookout, Pollution Engineering, 35(2), 41-41.
  3. [3]  B{e}rub{e}, G.G. and Cusson, C. (2002), The environmental legal and regulatory frameworks assessing fairness and efficiency, Energy Policy, 30(14), 1291-1298. doi:10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00091-5.
  4. [4]  Borges, L.A.C., De Rezende, J.L.P., and Pereira, J.A.A. (2009), Evolution of the environmental legislation in brazil. [Evolu\c{c}\ {a}o da legisla\c{c}\ {a}o ambiental no Brasil], Revista Em Agronegocio e Meio Ambiente, 2(3), 447-466.
  5. [5]  Boyer-Allirol, B. and Barbu, E.M. (2017), Should european environmental law be strengthened? [Est-il pertinent de durcir le droit Europ{e}en de l'environnement?], Revue Internationale De Droit Economique, 31(3), 109-124. doi:10.3917/ride.313.0109.
  6. [6]  Brandi, C., Bl\"{u}mer, D., and Morin, J. (2019), When do international treaties matter for domestic environmental legislation? Global Environmental Politics, 19(4), 14-44. doi:10.1162/glep\_a\_00524.
  7. [7]  Brandi, C., Bl\"{u}mer, D., and Morin, J.F. (2019), When do international treaties matter for domestic environmental legislation? Global Environmental Politics, 19(4), 14-44.
  8. [8]  Buribayev, Y.A., Khamzina, Z.A., Suteeva, C., Apakhayev, N.Z., Kussainov, S.Z., and Baitekova, K.Z. (2020), Legislative regultion of criminal liability for environmental crimes, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 8(4), 323-334. doi:10.5890/JEAM.2020.012.002.
  9. [9]  Cherp, A. (2001), Environmental assessment in countries in transition: Evolution in a changing context, Journal of Environmental Management, 62(4), 357-374.
  10. [10]  Chukwuma, C. (1996), Undergirding environmental legislation and citizen participation in developing countries, Environmental Education and Information, 15, 319-330.
  11. [11]  Delmas, M. and Toffel, M.W. (2004), Stakeholders and environmental management practices: an institutional framework, Business Strategy and the Environment, 13(4), 209-222.
  12. [12]  Ebbesson, J. (2010), The rule of law in governance of complex socio-ecological changes, Global Environmental Change, 20(3), 414-422. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.009.
  13. [13]  Gunningham, N. (2009), Environment law, regulation and governance: Shifting architectures, Journal of Environmental Law, 21(2), 179-212. doi:10.1093/jel/eqp011.
  14. [14]  Gunningham, N. (2011), Enforcing environmental regulation, Journal of Environmental Law, 23(2), 169-201. doi:10.1093/ jel/eqr006.
  15. [15]  Harrison, J. (2000), European environmental legislation and freedom of information: the convention of aarhus. [Legislazione ambien tale europea e liberta di informazione: La Convenzione di Aarhus], Rivista Giurdica Dell'Ambiente, 15(1), 27-46.
  16. [16]  Keller, W.H. and Zhang, X. (2017), Functions of law in the sustainable development of China and a model for environmental legislation, European Business Review.
  17. [17]  Koshkinbaeva, A.S., Zhumagulova, S.R., Zhanaliyeva, A.Z., Bizhanova, A.R., and Khamzina, S.S. (2019), Environmental safety of modern Kazakhstan: General legal analysis, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(1), 22-31. doi:10.14505/jemt.v10.1(33).03.
  18. [18]  Lindhout, P.E. and Van den Broek, B. (2014), The polluter pays principle: Guidelines for cost recovery and burden sharing in the case law of the European court of justice, Utrecht L. Rev., 10, 46.
  19. [19]  Lovett, G.M., Burns, D.A., Driscoll, C.T., Jenkins, J.C., Mitchell, M.J., Rustad, L., and Haeuber, R. (2007), Who needs environmental monitoring? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(5), 253-260.
  20. [20]  Ludwig, H.F., Ludwig, R.G., Anderson, D.R., and Garber, W.F. (1992), Appropriate environmental standards in developing nations, Water Science and Technology, 25(9), 17-30. doi:10.2166/wst.1992.0202.
  21. [21]  Maponga, O. and Ngorima, C.F. (2003), Overcoming environmental problems in the gold panning sector through legislation and education: The Zimbabwean experience, Journal of Cleaner Production, 11(2), 147-157. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00034-3.
  22. [22]  Martin-Ortega, J., Brouwer, R., and Aiking, H. (2011), Application of a value-based equivalency method to assess environmental damage compensation under the European environmental liability directive, Journal of environmental management, 92(6), 1461-1470.
  23. [23]  Mayda, J. (1985), Environmental legislation in developing countries: Some parameters and constraints, Ecology Law Quarterly, 12(4), 997-1024.
  24. [24]  Mu, Z., Bu, S., and Xue, B. (2014), Environmental legislation in China: achievements, challenges and trends, Sustainability, 6(12), 1-13.
  25. [25]  Neumayer, E. (2002). Do democracies exhibit stronger international environmental commitment? A cross-country analysis, Journal of Peace Research, 39(2), 139-164.
  26. [26]  Newell, J.P. and Henry, L.A. (2016), The state of environmental protection in the Russian federation: A review of the post-sovietera, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 57(6), 779-801. doi:10.1080/15387216.2017.1289851.
  27. [27]  Obydenkova, A. and Salahodjaev, R. (2016). Intelligence, democracy, and international environmental commitment, Environmental Research, 147, 82-88. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.042.
  28. [28]  OECD (2016), Multi-dimensional Review of Kazakhstan: Volume 1, Initial Assessment, OECD Development Pathways, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264246768-en.
  29. [29]  OECD (2017), Multi-dimensional Review of Kazakhstan: Volume 2, In-depth Analysis and Recommendations, OECD Development Pathways, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264269200-en.
  30. [30]  OECD (2019), Addressing industrial air pollution in Kazakhstan: Reforming environmental payments policy guidelines, OECD Green Growth Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/0e04ea86-en.
  31. [31]  Pobedinsky, V. and Shestak, V. (2020), Improving environmental legislation in central asia, Environmental Policy and Law, 50(1-2), 69-79. doi:10.3233/EPL-200205.
  32. [32]  Ross, A. (2008), Why legislate for sustainable development? An examination of sustainable development provisions in UK and scottish statutes. Journal of Environmental Law, 20(1), 35-68. doi:10.1093/jel/eqm019.
  33. [33]  SC MNE RoK (2019), Introduction of green growth indicators in the Republic of Kazakhstan, N-27 National Report based on the OECD Green Growt? Indicators - Nur-Sultan, 2019, 84 p.
  34. [34]  Scotford, E. and Robinson, J. (2013). UK environmental legislation and its administration in 2013\c{c}achievements, challenges and prospects, Journal of Environmental Law, 25(3), 383-409. doi:10.1093/jel/eqt023.
  35. [35]  Short, J.L. and Toffel, M.W. (2008), Coerced confessions: Self-policing in the shadow of the regulator, The Journal of Law, Economics, \& Organization, 24(1), 45-71.
  36. [36]  Sorvari, J. (2008), Developing environmental legislation to promote recycling of industrial by-products - an endless story? Waste Management, 28(3), 489-501. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.021.
  37. [37]  Steen, N. (Ed.). (2017), Sustainable development and the energy industries: implementation and impacts of environmental legislation, Routledge.
  38. [38]  Tal, A. and Cohen, J.A. (2007), Bringing ``top-down" to ``bottom-up": A new role for environmental legislation in combating desertification, Harvard Environmental Law Review, 31(1), 163-217.
  39. [39]  Tecklin, D., Bauer, C., and Prieto, M. (2011), Making environmental law for the market: The emergence, character, and implications of chile's environmental regime, Environmental Politics, 20(6), 879-898. doi:10.1080/09644016. 2011.617172.
  40. [40]  Tuinstra, W., Hordijk, L., and Kroeze, C. (2006), Moving boundaries in transboundary air pollution co-production of science and policy under the convention on long range transboundary air pollution, Global Environmental Change, 16(4), 349-363. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.002.
  41. [41]  Valera, C.A., Pissarra, T.C.T., Martins Filho, M.V., Valle Junior, R.F., Sanches Fernandes, L.F., and Pacheco, F.A.L. (2017), A legal framework with scientific basis for applying the `polluter pays principle' to soil conservation in rural watersheds in brzil, Land use Policy, 66, 61-71. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.04.036.
  42. [42]  Wilson, C.D.H., Williams, I.D., and Kemp, S. (2012), An evaluation of the impact and effectiveness of environmental legislation in small and medium-sized enterprises: Experiences from the UK, Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(3), 141-156. doi:10.1002/bse.720.
  43. [43]  Winter, S.C. and May, P.J. (2001), Motivation for compliance with environmental regulations, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management:The Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, 20(4), 675-698.
  44. [44]  Wright, H.J. (2014), Has sustainable development been integrated into environmental legislation? An assessment of the resilience approach, Environmental Law and Management, 26(1-2), 10-23.
  45. [45]  Zaredar, N. and Zarkesh, M.M.K. (2012), Examination of compensatory model application in site selection, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(1), 397-404.
  46. [46]  Zhanbaz, M. (2016), Turkey's environmental legislation: Formation and development characteristics. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 7(5), 1234-1241. doi:10.14505/jarle.v7.5(19).31.

Copyright © 2011-2023 L & H Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. Wildcard SSL Certificates