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ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

A Retrospective Comparison on Europe and China Ecological Wisdom of Pre-Industrial Urban Communities of under the Lens of Sustainability Pillars

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 8(4) (2020) 365--385 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2020.12.005

Marco Casazza$^{1}$, Gengyuan Liu$^{2,3}$ , Francesco Maglioccola$^{1}$, Massimiliano Lega$^{1}$

$^{1 }$ University of Naples `Parthenope', Department of Engineering, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy

$^{2}$ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

$^3$ Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, Beijing 100875, China

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Abstract

The design of a sustainable future for cities is of paramount importance, considering both the need of a societal transition and the fact that nearly half of the world's population is living within growing urban areas. While this process is generally driven the development of technological and socio-economic solutions, this work opted for a different approach. In particular, the existence of a prior urban sustainability wisdom was searched and assessed under the lens of the three known three pillars of sustainability (i.e.: environmental, economic, social). Wisdom is here considered as the application of a tacit knowledge oriented toward the stability of the urban environment and a city social and economic system. Focusing on the pre-industrial urban context in Europe and China, a review was conducted to collect and put together the evidence of such a wisdom. Results evidenced that the urban structure, the urban-rural gradient, food production and the management of water resources were carefully planned to guarantee the survival of the cities inhabitants. The problem of poverty alleviation, still remarked by the sustainable development goals, was already considered as a relevant factor for economy. Trade was anotther relevant element of urban development. Inclusion, belonging to the social dimension of sustainability, was also supported the mainainance of public spaces. Furthermore, the less-considered cultural factors, that are now regaining attention under the light of United Nations Framework Paris Agreement, played an important role, considering, for example, the birth and growth of universities. The present study, which would require further investigations about the socio-economic dimensions of sustainability, summarized the existence of the hypotesized sustainability wisdom, evidencing the importance of integrating the historical environmental and socio-economic dynamics to improve a sustainable urban planning. This research will need to be deepened trough archaeological, documental/historical and post-processual approaches, to address the need of transition toward a more equitable and sustainable post-fossil fuel societies within their urban context.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project (No. Z181100005318001), Sino-Italian Cooperation of China Natural Science Foundation (No. 71861137001) and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71673029) and the 111 Project (No. B17005).

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